Climate Change and Geomorphology questions. all the instructions and questions are provided in attached document.
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UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW
Name: Lab 5 Climate Change and Geomorphology Part 1: Milankovitch Cycles/Ice Cores Follow the link (http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/wxfest/Milankovitch/earthorbit.html) to an interactive plugin for visualizing Milankovitch cycles. 1. What are the three orbital parameters that drive Milankovitch cycles? Explain each of them. 2. Explain how the Milankovitch cycles can cause glacial and interglacial cycles 3. What is the Vostok Ice Core? What data do we get from it? (some helpful links: https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2616/core-questions-an-introduction-to-icecores/ ; https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth104/node/1267) 4. How do the Vostok Ice Core and Milankovitch cycles compare? 5. Download the Vostok ice core data from canvas and plot both the ice age and gas age as a function of core depth. Screenshot the plots and turn in with this document. a. What is the ice age at a depth of 800 m? b. At what depth is the gas age closest to 130kya (About the end of the Illinoian Glaciation)? c. How much younger is a gas bubble than the surrounding ice at a depth of 1000m? 6. Does age increase or decrease with depth of the ice core? 7. Does the thickness of an annual layer of ice increase or decrease with depth in the ice core? Why? 8. Explain the isotopic signatures of water (specifically oxygen) and how they change during glacial and interglacial periods. Part 2 Glacial vs. non-glacial terrain: Go to Google Earth and look up the following location: 9.325131° N, -83.271614° 9. Describe the drainage pattern you see at this location. Now, Go to 61.349418° N, -147.501074° 10. Describe the drainage pattern you see at this location (note: think about the pattern underneath the glaciers) 11. Are these drainage patterns similar or different if there were no ice? Now, make two elevation profiles, one across a glacier in Alaska, and one across one of the river valleys around the area from Question 9. in Costa Rica. Include them in this document as screenshots with the elevation profile shown. 12. Compare and contrast the elevation profiles you took 13. Based on your findings in Questions 12, which location would have a higher erosion rate – glacial terrain or fluvial terrain? Part 3: Critical Thinking (5 points) 14. Thinking about the information in the rest of this lab – compare and contrast interglacial and glacial cycles on the basis of erosion potential in an area. Be sure to include temperature variability in your answer (hint: how does temperature affect rainfall?). depth (m) ice_age (kyr) gas_age (kyr) delta D (permille) CO2 (ppmv) dust (10^-9 cm^3 g^-1) 130 4.26 1.9 -438.94 274 6.58 140 4.66 2.28 -435.94 273.07 12.42 150 5.06 2.66 -439.72 272.14 11 160 5.45 3.04 -441.88 271.22 7.47 170 5.85 3.41 -434.77 270.29 6.13 180 6.27 3.82 -440.36 268.39 11.57 190 6.7 4.25 -441.26 266.06 10.33 200 7.14 4.67 -423.85 263.73 15 210 7.57 5.09 -438.79 261.4 15.48 220 8.01 5.52 -438.94 259.06 15.95 230 8.44 5.94 -435.7 256.73 16.75 240 8.87 6.36 -434.32 254.4 10.25 250 9.31 6.79 -439.38 252.07 12 260 9.76 7.23 -435.64 255.09 16.75 270 10.24 7.68 -443.25 257.22 19.29 280 10.74 8.13 -454.11 257.77 12 290 11.24 8.58 -460.28 258.31 30 300 11.74 9.02 -458.56 258.86 16 310 12.32 9.52 -451.23 257.58 13 320 12.94 10.04 -461.94 255.66 34 330 13.55 10.56 -470.88 253.75 68 340 14.17 11.08 -476.82 251.83 161.5 350 14.78 11.6 -483.99 249.91 255 360 15.39 12.12 -489.57 247.99 325.91 370 16.01 12.64 -494.94 246.07 247.55 380 16.69 13.22 -488.96 240.5 484 390 17.48 13.87 -496.59 230.26 436.5 400 18.26 14.52 -493.46 220.02 389 410 19.05 15.18 -493.2 209.79 522.14 420 19.83 15.83 -498.63 199.55 347.86 430 20.63 16.54 -494.72 193.11 603.33 440 21.45 17.34 -495.59 193.43 668.43 450 22.28 18.15 -487.49 193.74 267 460 23.11 18.95 -490.4 194.05 364 470 23.93 19.75 -491.81 194.37 518.79 480 24.76 20.58 -496.94 195.13 461.71 490 25.6 21.42 -489.53 196.21 263.47 500 26.43 22.27 -484.69 197.29 166 510 27.27 23.11 -494.34 198.37 303.45 520 28.1 23.96 -488.52 199.45 289.82 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 28.93 29.74 30.56 31.38 32.19 33 33.79 34.59 35.37 36.16 36.94 37.71 38.48 39.24 40.01 40.77 41.53 42.3 43.06 43.82 44.58 45.34 46.1 46.85 47.61 48.36 49.1 49.85 50.6 51.34 52.09 52.84 53.58 54.35 55.12 55.9 56.69 57.49 58.3 59.11 59.94 24.81 25.66 26.51 27.36 28.21 29.05 29.89 30.72 31.53 32.35 33.15 33.95 34.74 35.52 36.3 37.08 37.86 38.64 39.4 40.16 40.92 41.68 42.44 43.2 43.96 44.71 45.47 46.22 46.97 47.72 48.47 49.21 49.96 50.71 51.45 52.2 52.95 53.7 54.47 55.25 56.04 -492.44 -485.11 -489.15 -483.53 -474.11 -476.61 -486.59 -484.11 -481.41 -483.57 -479.8 -481.06 -480.87 -471.56 -477.47 -475.69 -484.76 -483.23 -485.28 -483.45 -481.96 -478.73 -477.7 -476.01 -478.26 -475.4 -479.26 -474.86 -483.58 -480.83 -472.77 -468.12 -464.16 -471.32 -475.98 -475.27 -480.92 -484.89 -488.53 -480.97 -490.14 199.81 199.41 199.02 198.63 198.24 201.8 211.31 220.81 217.71 210.85 207.51 208.66 209.82 209.48 208.87 208.25 207.63 207.02 201.24 195.3 189.37 183.43 179.86 187.85 195.84 201.49 204.6 207.7 206.42 205.15 203.87 202.6 201.32 201 201 204.78 211.41 218.04 217.91 215.88 213.48 266 232 198 133.2 68.4 71.26 136.91 241 104.48 88.83 85.83 80.42 75 88.13 92.71 74.35 75.22 187 135.75 119.92 99.8 75.4 51 62.75 40.25 114.18 95.09 76 78.33 101.67 82.42 83.25 58 172.58 287.17 187.63 188.88 151 251.42 351.83 315.71 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320 1330 1340 60.78 61.63 62.5 63.38 64.26 65.13 66.01 66.88 67.74 68.59 69.43 70.27 71.1 71.93 72.75 73.57 74.39 75.19 75.99 76.79 77.58 78.37 79.15 79.93 80.7 81.47 82.24 83.01 83.78 84.55 85.33 86.1 86.88 87.65 88.43 89.21 89.99 90.78 91.56 92.35 93.15 56.84 57.65 58.47 59.3 60.14 61 61.86 62.75 63.65 64.54 65.43 66.33 67.2 68.07 68.94 69.79 70.65 71.49 72.34 73.17 74 74.83 75.64 76.45 77.26 78.06 78.85 79.65 80.45 81.22 81.96 82.71 83.52 84.35 85.16 85.95 86.74 87.53 88.32 89.12 89.91 -491.61 -493.53 -487.73 -489.51 -479.63 -483.98 -483.4 -477.96 -483.63 -485.65 -484.76 -477.23 -469.15 -476.41 -486.42 -477.34 -481.76 -476.22 -467.38 -465.7 -461.74 -466.86 -462.17 -466.88 -462.45 -455.84 -461.33 -465.61 -468.4 -468.79 -466.15 -473.96 -479.73 -477.95 -470.28 -475.39 -471.17 -464.77 -471.4 -469.84 -466.57 210.29 207.11 204.63 202.32 199.56 196.2 192.84 192.36 192.83 195.81 200.14 204.46 212.63 222 229.73 235.93 242.13 239.98 236.47 233.93 232.1 229.95 225.77 221.59 219.8 220.39 220.98 221.57 222.16 224.42 228.88 233.33 228.31 221.61 216.76 213.26 210.35 215.3 220.26 222.77 224.47 381.13 299 246.44 437.56 237.5 126 25 36 50.5 48.5 80.29 41 36 31 38.54 55.63 93 100.92 108.83 65.5 42.5 89 63.17 37.33 23.63 24.88 31 33.08 35.17 44.33 61 83 67.17 51.33 60.5 85.5 95 67.08 39.17 36.42 27.25 1350 1360 1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440 1450 1460 1470 1480 1490 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 93.94 94.73 95.53 96.33 97.13 97.93 98.74 99.55 100.38 101.23 102.08 102.97 103.87 104.78 105.71 106.65 107.64 108.62 109.6 110.57 111.53 112.45 113.37 114.27 115.15 116.02 116.85 117.68 118.5 119.29 120.09 120.85 121.61 122.36 123.1 123.83 124.54 125.25 125.95 126.65 127.34 90.71 91.51 92.31 93.12 93.93 94.74 95.55 96.36 97.18 98 98.83 99.67 100.52 101.39 102.28 103.17 104.1 105.03 105.98 106.96 107.95 108.97 109.98 110.97 111.93 112.88 113.79 114.7 115.59 116.46 117.32 118.15 118.97 119.78 120.57 121.36 122.12 122.87 123.61 124.33 125.04 -468.47 -472 -470.42 -464.69 -465.83 -465.48 -463.17 -459.69 -457.24 -460.89 -468.1 -466.45 -469.43 -466.93 -468.74 -469.11 -484.17 -481.53 -479.63 -476.4 -478.78 -480.79 -479.64 -473.94 -468.3 -468.07 -460.36 -458.29 -451.61 -452.02 -448.9 -447.81 -448.1 -447.17 -441.91 -442.83 -436.6 -438.57 -443.29 -439.33 -434.71 226.31 229.41 232.51 232.59 229.88 227.18 229.6 233.73 234.1 229.87 225.63 226.38 228.01 230.58 234.62 238.44 236.94 235.44 236.2 240.79 242.88 239.16 235.43 234.87 237.72 242.53 255.16 267.79 275.36 273.52 271.68 274.51 277.86 278.75 275.28 271.81 269.32 266.93 265.96 268.01 270.06 17 24.52 28.43 13.48 42.17 56 54.75 53.5 55.46 78.38 72 73.91 37.55 27.87 40.04 39 35.17 36.48 26.35 27.22 17 10.26 17.22 22.71 23.89 32 13.4 16.43 27.86 10 23 33.6 17 24.43 30.1 5 7 58 22.88 16 48 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 128.04 128.74 129.44 130.15 130.86 131.57 132.29 133.01 133.74 134.47 135.24 136 136.8 137.64 138.49 139.43 140.4 141.39 142.49 143.61 144.89 146.18 147.58 149.11 150.67 152.35 154.02 155.7 157.38 159.05 160.73 125.76 126.48 127.19 127.9 128.61 129.33 130.05 130.78 131.51 132.24 132.99 133.73 134.48 135.25 136.02 136.86 137.72 138.61 139.58 140.57 141.68 142.78 143.98 145.29 146.65 148.23 149.8 151.45 153.18 154.92 156.65 -436.55 -435.07 -437.07 -435.33 -430.06 -425.54 -427.15 -420.98 -428.51 -440.89 -430.44 -437.21 -442.66 -454.55 -456.74 -464.04 -473.68 -484.07 -486.84 -485.33 -496.7 -496.39 -490.49 -492 -490.51 -495.73 -490.8 -495.07 -492.08 -496.54 -492.25 272.11 274.16 273.23 270.22 267.22 269.27 272.92 273.44 269.81 266.18 277.41 289.42 291.71 280.02 268.34 260 252.5 245 237.51 230.31 225.05 219.79 211.62 200.16 191.69 195.12 198.55 198.89 195.15 191.41 192.8 17.8 12.33 25.67 26.2 24 55.06 14.43 9.2 30.5 46 11.38 10 18 8.25 18 24 42 92.38 60.33 344 96.33 156.5 162 98 301 296 297.89 247 184.27 308 90.36
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Tags: climate change geomorphology Milankovitch Cycles Ice Cores interglacial cycles